SuperJump/src/content/grammar/extra/batch2.json

[
  {
    "id": "other-relative-structures",
    "title": "其他关系结构：where / when / whose / what",
    "cefr": "B1",
    "difficulty": 2,
    "summary": "where 引地点、when 引时间、whose 表所属、what 等于 the thing(s) that；从句一律用陈述语序。",
    "md": "# 其他关系结构：where / when / whose / what\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n除了 who / which，还有一些关系词能把句子连起来，这一课认识它们。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n**where** 引出地点，**when** 引出时间，**whose** 表示「谁的」，**what** 等于 the thing(s) that（……的东西）。注意：这些词后面的从句用**陈述语序**，不能像疑问句那样倒装。\n\n```text\n名词 + where/when/whose + 从句（陈述语序）\nwhat + 从句 = the thing(s) that …\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| This is the town where I grew up. | 这是我长大的小镇。 |\n| I remember the day when we first met. | 我记得我们初次见面的那一天。 |\n| The girl whose bag was lost is crying. | 丢了书包的那个女孩在哭。 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ I don't know where is he.\n- ✅ I don't know where he is.\n- 提醒：where 引导的从句不倒装，主语在前、动词在后。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪个关系词用来引出「地点」？\", \"options\": [\"where\", \"when\", \"whose\", \"what\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"where 引地点，when 引时间，whose 表所属，what 指「……的东西」。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"填空：Tell me ______ you want.（告诉我你想要什么。）\", \"options\": [\"what\", \"where\", \"whose\", \"when\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"what 等于 the thing that，作 want 的宾语：Tell me what you want.\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪一句是正确的？\", \"options\": [\"I don't know where is he.\", \"I don't know where he is.\", \"I don't know where does he.\", \"I don't know where he does.\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"where 后面的从句用陈述语序 he is，不能写成疑问语序 is he。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\nwhere 表地点、when 表时间、whose 表「谁的」、what = 「……的东西」；从句永远用陈述语序。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "this-that-these-those",
    "title": "This / that / these / those：指示词",
    "cefr": "A1",
    "difficulty": 1,
    "summary": "this / these 指近处，that / those 指远处；this / that 接单数或不可数名词，these / those 接复数名词。",
    "md": "# This / that / these / those：指示词\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n想指东西说「这个、那个」，就靠这四个词。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n**this（这个）/ these（这些）**指近处的东西；**that（那个）/ those（那些）**指远处的东西。this / that 后面接**单数名词或不可数名词**；these / those 后面接**复数名词**。\n\n```text\n近：this + 单数 / 不可数      these + 复数\n远：that + 单数 / 不可数      those + 复数\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| This is my book. | 这是我的书。 |\n| Those birds are far away. | 那些鸟在很远的地方。 |\n| These cookies are yummy. | 这些饼干很好吃。 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ These water is cold.\n- ✅ This water is cold.\n- 提醒：不可数名词（water）只能用 this / that，不能用 these / those。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"指「近处的一个东西」，用哪个词？\", \"options\": [\"this\", \"that\", \"these\", \"those\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"近处单数用 this；远处单数用 that；复数用 these / those。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"手里的饼干很好吃：______ cookies are yummy.\", \"options\": [\"This\", \"That\", \"These\", \"Those\"], \"answer\": 2, \"explain\": \"cookies 是复数，又在近处（手里），所以用 these。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪一句是正确的？\", \"options\": [\"These milk is hot.\", \"This milk is hot.\", \"Those milk are hot.\", \"This milks are hot.\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"milk 是不可数名词，只能用 this / that，动词用单数 is。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\n近处 this / these，远处 that / those；单数和不可数配 this / that，复数配 these / those。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "question-words-with-ever",
    "title": "疑问词 + ever：whatever / whenever",
    "cefr": "B1",
    "difficulty": 2,
    "summary": "疑问词加 -ever 表示「无论……、随便哪个」；whenever 意为「每次」，however + 形容词表示「无论多么」。",
    "md": "# 疑问词 + ever：whatever / whenever\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n给疑问词加上小尾巴 -ever，意思立刻变成「无论……」。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\nwhat / who / which / when / how 加 **-ever**，表示「无论什么 / 谁 / 哪个 / 何时、随便哪个」。**whenever** 还可以表示「每次」；**however + 形容词**表示「无论多么……」。\n\n```text\nwhatever = 无论什么      whoever = 无论谁\nwhenever = 每当 / 无论何时\nhowever + 形容词 = 无论多么……\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Take whatever you like. | 你喜欢什么就拿什么。 |\n| Whenever I see him, he is smiling. | 每次我见到他，他都在笑。 |\n| However hard I try, I can't win. | 无论我多努力，都赢不了。 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ However I am tired, I'll finish the work.\n- ✅ However tired I am, I'll finish the work.\n- 提醒：however 表「无论多么」时，形容词必须紧跟在 however 后面。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"Take ______ you like.（喜欢什么随便拿。）\", \"options\": [\"whatever\", \"whoever\", \"wherever\", \"whenever\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"拿的是「东西」，所以用 whatever（无论什么）。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"whenever 的意思是？\", \"options\": [\"从不\", \"每次 / 无论何时\", \"有时\", \"只一次\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"whenever 表示「每当、无论何时」，相当于 every time。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪一句是正确的？\", \"options\": [\"However tired I am, I'll finish.\", \"However I am tired, I'll finish.\", \"However am I tired, I'll finish.\", \"However I tired am, I'll finish.\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"however + 形容词要紧挨着：However tired I am, …（无论我多累）。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\n疑问词 + ever = 「无论……」；whenever = 每次；however + 形容词 = 无论多么。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "no-none",
    "title": "no 和 none：一个都没有",
    "cefr": "A2",
    "difficulty": 2,
    "summary": "no 直接加名词（= not any，语气更强）；none 代替「no + 名词」，可单独使用；none of 接代词或带限定词的名词。",
    "md": "# no 和 none：一个都没有\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n想说「没有」，no 和 none 分工不同。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n**no** 后面直接加名词，意思等于 not any，但语气更强。**none** 用来代替「no + 名词」，可以单独使用；**none of** 用在代词或带 the / my 等限定词的名词前。\n\n```text\nno + 名词（不可数 / 复数）\nnone（单独用）/ none of + 代词 / the, my… + 名词\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| There is no milk left. | 牛奶一点也没剩下。 |\n| I have no questions. | 我没有问题。 |\n| None of my friends likes coffee. | 我的朋友里没有一个人喜欢咖啡。 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ I have none money.\n- ✅ I have no money.\n- 提醒：none 不能直接修饰名词，修饰名词要用 no。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"I have ______ questions.（我没有问题。）\", \"options\": [\"no\", \"none\", \"not\", \"any\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"questions 是名词，前面用 no；none 不能直接接名词。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪一句是正确的？\", \"options\": [\"None of my friends likes coffee.\", \"No of my friends likes coffee.\", \"None my friends likes coffee.\", \"My none friends likes coffee.\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"表示「……之中没有一个」用 none of + 名词 / 代词。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪一句是正确的？\", \"options\": [\"I have none money.\", \"I have no money.\", \"I have not money.\", \"I no have money.\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"no 直接加名词：no money；none 单独使用，不接名词。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\nno 加名词，none 代替名词；「……中没有一个」用 none of。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "there",
    "title": "There is / There are：表示「有」",
    "cefr": "A1",
    "difficulty": 1,
    "summary": "there is + 单数或不可数，there are + 复数；过去式用 was / were，将来用 will be。",
    "md": "# There is / There are：表示「有」\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n想说「某处有某物」，用 there + be 开头。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n**there is** 接单数或不可数名词，**there are** 接复数名词。过去式用 there was / there were，将来用 there will be。be 的形式跟着后面的名词走。\n\n```text\nThere is + 单数 / 不可数名词\nThere are + 复数名词\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| There is a cat on the sofa. | 沙发上有一只猫。 |\n| There are two cups on the table. | 桌上有两个杯子。 |\n| There was a big tree here before. | 这里以前有一棵大树。 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ There are a book on the desk.\n- ✅ There is a book on the desk.\n- 提醒：a book 是单数，be 动词要用 is。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"There ______ three apples in the bag.\", \"options\": [\"is\", \"are\", \"am\", \"be\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"three apples 是复数，用 there are。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"There ______ some water in the glass.\", \"options\": [\"is\", \"are\", \"am\", \"be\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"water 是不可数名词，用 there is。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪一句是正确的？\", \"options\": [\"There is many birds.\", \"There are many birds.\", \"There are much birds.\", \"There be many birds.\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"birds 是复数，用 there are；many 修饰可数名词复数。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\n单数、不可数配 there is，复数配 there are；时态变了 be 跟着变。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "each-every",
    "title": "each 和 every：每一个",
    "cefr": "A2",
    "difficulty": 2,
    "summary": "each 和 every 都接单数名词，表示「每一个」；each 强调个体、可用于两者，every 强调整体、不能只用于两者。",
    "md": "# each 和 every：每一个\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n「每一个」有两种说法，侧重不一样。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n**each** 和 **every** 后面都接**单数名词**，都表示「每一个」。**each** 一个一个地看，可以用于**两个**；**every** 把整组看成一个整体，**不能只用于两个**。\n\n```text\neach + 单数名词（一个个看，可以是两个）\nevery + 单数名词（整体看，至少三个）\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Each student has a book. | 每个学生都有一本书。 |\n| She goes to the park every day. | 她每天都去公园。 |\n| He has a ring on each finger. | 他每个手指上都有一个戒指。 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ She has two cats. Every cat is black.\n- ✅ She has two cats. Each cat is black.\n- 提醒：只有两个的时候用 each，不能用 every。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"她有两双手。______ hand holds a toy.（每只手拿着一个玩具。）\", \"options\": [\"Each\", \"Every\", \"All\", \"Many\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"只有两只手，表示「每一只」用 each；every 不能用于两者。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"every 后面接什么？\", \"options\": [\"单数名词\", \"复数名词\", \"只能接不可数名词\", \"不能接名词\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"every 后面接单数名词，如 every day、every student。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪一句是正确的？\", \"options\": [\"Every students has a pen.\", \"Each student has a pen.\", \"Each of student has a pen.\", \"Every of students has a pen.\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"each / every 直接接单数名词：Each student has a pen.\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\neach 一个个数、能管两个；every 看整体、至少三个；两者后都接单数名词。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "introductory-it",
    "title": "引导词 it：「占位」主语",
    "cefr": "A2",
    "difficulty": 2,
    "summary": "说时间、天气、日期、距离时用 it 当形式主语；It is + 形容词 + to do 也是常用结构。",
    "md": "# 引导词 it：「占位」主语\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n英语句子不能没有主语，找不到主语时请 it 来「占位」。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n说**时间、日期、天气、距离**时，英语用 **it** 当主语，它没有具体意思，只是占个位置。还有一个常用结构：**It is + 形容词 + to do**，表示「做某事怎么样」。\n\n```text\nIt is + 时间 / 天气 / 距离…\nIt is + 形容词 + to do …\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| It is raining today. | 今天在下雨。 |\n| It's eight o'clock. | 现在八点钟。 |\n| It is fun to play football. | 踢足球很有趣。 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ Is raining today.\n- ✅ It is raining today.\n- 提醒：英语句子必须有主语，这里的 it 不能省略。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪一句是正确的？\", \"options\": [\"Is sunny today.\", \"It is sunny today.\", \"Sunny is today.\", \"Today is it sunny.\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"说天气要用 it 当主语：It is sunny today.\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"______ is fun to swim in summer.\", \"options\": [\"It\", \"That\", \"There\", \"What\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"It is + 形容词 + to do：It is fun to swim in summer.\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"It is 9 o'clock. 这句里的 it 指什么？\", \"options\": [\"时间\", \"人\", \"东西\", \"地点\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"这里的 it 是占位主语，用来说时间，没有具体所指。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\n时间、天气、日期、距离请 it 占位；It is + 形容词 + to do 说「做某事怎么样」。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "either-neither-both",
    "title": "either / neither / both：两个的选择题",
    "cefr": "A2",
    "difficulty": 2,
    "summary": "either = 两者之一，neither = 两者都不，both = 两者都；either / neither 接单数名词，both 接复数名词。",
    "md": "# either / neither / both：两个的选择题\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n只有两个选项时，这三个词把话说清楚。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n**either** 表示「两者之一（哪个都行）」，**neither** 表示「两者都不」，两者后都接**单数名词**。**both** 表示「两者都」，后面接**复数名词**。\n\n```text\neither + 单数名词（任一）\nneither + 单数名词（都不）\nboth + 复数名词（都）\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Either day is fine for me. | （两天中）哪一天我都可以。 |\n| Neither answer is correct. | 两个答案都不对。 |\n| Both sisters are doctors. | 姐妹俩都是医生。 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ Both answer is correct.\n- ✅ Both answers are correct.\n- 提醒：both 后面要接复数名词，动词也用复数。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"Take either road. 是什么意思？\", \"options\": [\"两条路随便走哪条\", \"两条路都要走\", \"两条路都不能走\", \"只能走第三条路\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"either 表示「两者之一」，走哪一条都可以。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"表示「两个都不」用哪个词？\", \"options\": [\"Either\", \"Neither\", \"Both\", \"Each\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"neither = not one and not the other，两个都不。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪一句是正确的？\", \"options\": [\"Both sister is a doctor.\", \"Both sisters are doctors.\", \"Both of sister are doctors.\", \"Both sister are doctor.\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"both 接复数名词 sisters，动词用 are。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\neither 选一、neither 全否、both 全要；either / neither 接单数，both 接复数。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "shifting-focus",
    "title": "转移焦点：It is … that 强调句",
    "cefr": "B2",
    "difficulty": 3,
    "summary": "用 It is / was + 被强调部分 + that … 突出焦点；也可用 What … is 结构或把成分提前。",
    "md": "# 转移焦点：It is … that 强调句\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n想让听者注意句子里的某一部分？把它「打灯」强调出来。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n最常用的强调结构：**It is / was + 被强调部分 + that / who + 其余部分**。还可以用 **What … is / was** 结构强调想要、喜欢的东西，或直接把宾语提到句首。\n\n```text\nIt is / was + 强调部分 + that / who + 其余\nWhat + 从句 + is / was + 强调部分\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| It was Tom who broke the window. | 打破窗户的是汤姆。 |\n| What I need is a good sleep. | 我需要的是好好睡一觉。 |\n| It is music that makes me happy. | 让我开心的是音乐。 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ It was broke the window Tom.\n- ✅ It was Tom who broke the window.\n- 提醒：被强调的部分放在 It is / was 之后，其余部分放在 that / who 之后，顺序不能乱。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"强调「是汤姆打破了窗户」，正确的是？\", \"options\": [\"It was Tom who broke the window.\", \"It was broke the window Tom.\", \"Who Tom was broke the window.\", \"It Tom was broke the window.\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"强调人用 It was + 人 + who + 其余：It was Tom who broke the window.\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪一句是 What 强调句？\", \"options\": [\"What I need is sleep.\", \"I what need is sleep.\", \"What need I is sleep.\", \"Is what I need sleep.\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"What 从句在前，is 之后放强调的内容：What I need is sleep.\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"It is … that … 结构可以强调什么？\", \"options\": [\"句中想强调的部分\", \"只能强调时间\", \"只能强调人\", \"只能强调动词\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"人、物、时间、地点等成分都可以放进 It is … that … 里强调。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\nIt is / was + 焦点 + that / who 给信息「打灯」；What … is 也能强调。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "singular-and-plural-nouns",
    "title": "名词单复数：一个和许多",
    "cefr": "A1",
    "difficulty": 1,
    "summary": "多数名词加 -s 变复数；以 s / x / z / ch / sh 结尾加 -es；还有 man → men 这类不规则变化。",
    "md": "# 名词单复数：一个和许多\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n一个用单数，许多用复数，英语名词要「变形」。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n多数名词变复数直接加 **-s**；以 **-s / -x / -z / -ch / -sh** 结尾的名词加 **-es**。还有一些不规则变化要单独记，比如 man → men、child → children。\n\n```text\n一般：+ s（dog → dogs）\ns / x / z / ch / sh 结尾：+ es（box → boxes）\n不规则：child → children, man → men\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| one dog → two dogs | 一只狗 → 两只狗 |\n| one box → three boxes | 一个盒子 → 三个盒子 |\n| one child → two children | 一个孩子 → 两个孩子 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ two childs\n- ✅ two children\n- 提醒：child 的复数是不规则的 children，不是加 -s。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"box 的复数是？\", \"options\": [\"boxs\", \"boxes\", \"boxies\", \"box\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"box 以 -x 结尾，复数加 -es：boxes。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"child 的复数是？\", \"options\": [\"childs\", \"childes\", \"children\", \"childrens\"], \"answer\": 2, \"explain\": \"child → children，是不规则复数。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"bus 的复数是？\", \"options\": [\"buses\", \"bus\", \"buss\", \"busies\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"bus 以 -s 结尾，复数加 -es：buses。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\n一般加 -s，s / x / z / ch / sh 结尾加 -es，不规则的单独记。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "inversion",
    "title": "倒装：动词跑到主语前",
    "cefr": "B2",
    "difficulty": 3,
    "summary": "倒装把主语和助动词换位，用于强调或附和；附和肯定用 So + 助动词 + I，附和否定用 Neither + 助动词 + I。",
    "md": "# 倒装：动词跑到主语前\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n平时「主语在前、动词在后」，有时故意反过来，这就是倒装。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n倒装就是**把主语和助动词（或 be）换个位置**。最常见的两种：① never before、no sooner 等词放句首时倒装，表示强调；② 附和别人时用 **So + 助动词 + 主语**（肯定）、**Neither + 助动词 + 主语**（否定）。\n\n```text\n「我也是」：So + 助动词 / be + I\n「我也不是」：Neither + 助动词 / be + I\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| \"I love music.\" \"So do I.\" | 「我爱音乐。」「我也是。」 |\n| \"I can't swim.\" \"Neither can I.\" | 「我不会游泳。」「我也不会。」 |\n| No sooner had I sat down than the phone rang. | 我刚一坐下，电话就响了。 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ \"I like cats.\" \"So I do.\"\n- ✅ \"I like cats.\" \"So do I.\"\n- 提醒：表示「我也是」要倒装成 So do I；So I do 的意思是「我确实如此」，用法不同。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"「I like cats.」想附和「我也是」，说：\", \"options\": [\"So do I.\", \"So I do.\", \"So like I.\", \"So I like.\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"附和肯定句用 So + 助动词 + 主语：So do I.\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"「I can't dance.」想附和「我也不会」，说：\", \"options\": [\"Neither can I.\", \"Neither I can.\", \"Neither do I can.\", \"I neither can.\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"附和否定句用 Neither + 助动词 + 主语：Neither can I.\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"倒装是把什么换位？\", \"options\": [\"主语和助动词 / be\", \"宾语和动词\", \"形容词和名词\", \"介词和名词\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"倒装就是把主语和助动词（或 be 动词）交换位置。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\n倒装 = 主语和助动词换位；「我也是」So do I，「我也不会」Neither can I。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "countable-and-uncountable-nouns",
    "title": "可数名词与不可数名词",
    "cefr": "A2",
    "difficulty": 2,
    "summary": "可数名词能直接数、用 a / an / 数字；不可数名词无复数、动词用单数；要数不可数的东西用「容器 + of」。",
    "md": "# 可数名词与不可数名词\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\napple 能一个一个数，water 却数不清——名词分两派。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n**可数名词**可以直接加 a / an 或数字，有复数。**不可数名词**（water、rice、music 等）没有复数，动词用**单数**，也不能直接加 a / an；想数它们要借「容器」：**a glass of water**。提问时 **how many** 问可数，**how much** 问不可数。\n\n```text\n可数：a / an / 数字 + 名词，有复数\n不可数：无复数 + 单数动词；a cup / glass of …\nhow many + 可数复数    how much + 不可数\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| I'd like an apple. | 我想要一个苹果。 |\n| Can I have some water? | 能给我一些水吗？ |\n| How much milk is there? | 还有多少牛奶？ |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ I want two waters.\n- ✅ I want two glasses of water.\n- 提醒：water 不可数，要借杯子来数：two glasses of water。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪个是不可数名词？\", \"options\": [\"apple\", \"music\", \"book\", \"cup\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"music（音乐）数不清，是不可数名词；apple、book、cup 都可以数。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"「一杯茶」怎么说？\", \"options\": [\"a cup of tea\", \"a tea of cup\", \"cup tea\", \"tea cup of\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"不可数名词借容器来数：a cup of tea。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"How ______ milk is there?\", \"options\": [\"much\", \"many\", \"any\", \"some\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"milk 是不可数名词，问数量用 how much；可数名词才用 how many。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\n可数的直接数，不可数的借容器；how many 问可数，how much 问不可数。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "ellipsis",
    "title": "省略：能省就省更地道",
    "cefr": "B1",
    "difficulty": 2,
    "summary": "and / but / or 连接时可以省掉重复的主语或动词；对话里也可按语境省词；其他连词后一般不省。",
    "md": "# 省略：能省就省更地道\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n说过的词不必再说一遍，省略让句子更干净。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n用 **and / but / or** 连接时，可以省掉重复的主语或动词。对话里只要意思清楚，也可以直接省掉开头几个词。注意：**because** 等其他连词后面一般**不能**省略主语和动词。\n\n```text\nand / but / or 后：省掉重复的主语 / 动词\n对话中：意思清楚就能省\nbecause / although 等后：不能省\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| He opened the door and walked in. | 他打开门走了进来。（省略第二个 he） |\n| She can sing and dance. | 她会唱歌也会跳舞。（省略 she can） |\n| \"Are you tired?\" \"A little.\" | 「你累吗？」「有一点。」 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ I stayed home because tired.\n- ✅ I stayed home because I was tired.\n- 提醒：because 后面的主语和动词不能省。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"She can sing and dance. 这句省略了什么？\", \"options\": [\"重复的主语和动词\", \"宾语\", \"介词\", \"冠词\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"完整形式是 She can sing and she can dance，and 后面省掉了重复的 she can。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪组连词后面通常可以省略重复成分？\", \"options\": [\"and / but / or\", \"because / although\", \"before / after\", \"if / when\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"并列连词 and、but、or 后面常省略重复的词；从属连词后一般不省。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪一句是正确的？\", \"options\": [\"I stayed home because tired.\", \"I stayed home because I was tired.\", \"I stayed home because was tired.\", \"I stayed home because I tired.\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"because 引导的从句要有完整的主语和动词：because I was tired。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\nand / but / or 后可省重复词，对话里意思清楚就能省，because 后面不能省。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "subject-verb-agreement",
    "title": "主谓一致：主语动词要对上",
    "cefr": "B1",
    "difficulty": 2,
    "summary": "动词要跟主语的单复数一致：and 连接的主体用复数动词；不可数名词和「中心词」决定单复数。",
    "md": "# 主谓一致：主语动词要对上\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n主语是单数，动词就用单数形式——这叫「对上号」。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n动词必须和主语的**单复数一致**：单数主语配 is / has / 动词-s，复数主语配 are / have / 动词原形。注意两点：**and** 连接两个主体时通常用**复数动词**；「A of B」结构要看**中心词 A** 是单数还是复数；不可数名词永远用单数动词。\n\n```text\n单数主语 + is / has / 动词-s\n复数主语 + are / have / 动词原形\nA of B：看 A 的单复数\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| The dog is cute. | 这只狗很可爱。 |\n| Tom and Jerry are friends. | 汤姆和杰瑞是朋友。 |\n| The box of toys is heavy. | 那箱玩具很重。 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ The list of names are long.\n- ✅ The list of names is long.\n- 提醒：中心词是 list（单数），of names 只是补充说明，动词用 is。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"Tom and Jerry ______ good friends.\", \"options\": [\"is\", \"are\", \"am\", \"be\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"and 连接两个人，主语是复数，用 are。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"Milk ______ good for you.\", \"options\": [\"are\", \"is\", \"were\", \"be\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"milk 是不可数名词，动词用单数 is。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"The box of toys ______ heavy.\", \"options\": [\"are\", \"is\", \"were\", \"am\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"中心词是 box（单数），toys 只是补充，所以用 is。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\n动词看主语：and 连接变复数，「A of B」看 A，不可数用单数。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "shortening-infinitives",
    "title": "不定式缩短：只留一个 to",
    "cefr": "B1",
    "difficulty": 2,
    "summary": "避免重复时可只保留 to；原不定式是 be 时保留 to be；want / would like 后一般不省 to。",
    "md": "# 不定式缩短：只留一个 to\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n回答时不必把整个 to do 重复一遍，留个 to 就够了。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n别人提到过的不定式，回答时可以**只保留 to**，如「I forgot to.」。如果原来的不定式是 **be**，要保留 **to be**。注意：**want / would like** 后面一般**不省略 to**，要说 I want to.\n\n```text\n省略重复：保留 to（I'd love to.）\n原来是 be：保留 to be\nwant / would like：不省 to\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Did you call him? I forgot to. | 你给他打电话了吗？我忘了（打）。 |\n| Would you like to come? I'd love to. | 你想来吗？我很乐意。 |\n| She isn't angry, but she seems to be. | 她没生气，但看起来像是生气了。 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ Would you like to come? — I'd love.\n- ✅ Would you like to come? — I'd love to.\n- 提醒：would like 后面回答时要保留 to。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"Did you finish your homework? — I forgot ______.\", \"options\": [\"to\", \"it\", \"do\", \"doing\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"省略重复的不定式，只保留 to：I forgot to.\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"Would you like to come? — I'd love ______.\", \"options\": [\"to\", \"it\", \"come\", \"coming\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"would like 的回答保留 to：I'd love to.\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"如果原来的不定式是 be，缩短时怎么办？\", \"options\": [\"只留 to\", \"保留 to be\", \"只留 be\", \"全部省略\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"原不定式是 be 时要保留 to be，如 She seems to be.\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\n重复的不定式只留 to；原来是 be 就留 to be；want / would like 不省 to。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "abstract-and-concrete-nouns",
    "title": "抽象名词与具体名词",
    "cefr": "A2",
    "difficulty": 2,
    "summary": "具体名词看得见摸得着，抽象名词是想法和感觉；抽象名词大多不可数。",
    "md": "# 抽象名词与具体名词\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\nbook 拿在手里，love 放在心里——名词也分「实」和「虚」。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n**具体名词**是看得见、摸得着的东西（book、cat）。**抽象名词**是想法、感情、品质（love、knowledge、happiness）。大多数抽象名词是**不可数**的，不能加 a，也没有复数。\n\n```text\n具体名词：看得见摸得着（可数居多）\n抽象名词：想法 / 感觉（多不可数）\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| I can hold a book. | 我能拿着一本书。（具体） |\n| Knowledge is power. | 知识就是力量。（抽象） |\n| She showed great kindness. | 她表现出极大的善意。（抽象） |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ I have many homework.\n- ✅ I have a lot of homework.\n- 提醒：homework 是抽象名词，不可数，不能说 many homework 或 homeworks。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪个是抽象名词？\", \"options\": [\"table\", \"happiness\", \"apple\", \"phone\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"happiness（幸福）是一种感觉，看不见摸不着，是抽象名词。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"knowledge 一般是？\", \"options\": [\"可数名词\", \"不可数名词\", \"复数名词\", \"动词\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"knowledge 是不可数的抽象名词，不说 a knowledge 或 knowledges。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪一句是正确的？\", \"options\": [\"I have many homework.\", \"I have a lot of homework.\", \"I have two homeworks.\", \"I have homeworks.\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"homework 不可数，用 a lot of 修饰，不加复数。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\n具体名词摸得着，抽象名词是想法和感觉；抽象名词大多不可数。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "substitution",
    "title": "替代：one / do / so 来帮忙",
    "cefr": "B1",
    "difficulty": 2,
    "summary": "one 替代单数可数名词、some 替代不可数名词、do 替代动词、so 替代整个从句，避免重复。",
    "md": "# 替代：one / do / so 来帮忙\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n不想重复说同一个词？请「替身」出场。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n用短词代替前面说过的内容：**one / ones** 替代可数名词，**some** 替代不可数名词或不确定的复数，**do / did** 替代动词，**so** 替代整个从句（如 I think so）。\n\n```text\none / ones → 可数名词\nsome → 不可数名词\ndo / did → 动词\nso → 一个从句（I think so）\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| I need a pencil. Do you have one? | 我需要一支铅笔，你有吗？ |\n| Who broke the cup? Tom did. | 谁打碎了杯子？汤姆（打碎的）。 |\n| Will it rain? I think so. | 会下雨吗？我想会的。 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ Will he come? I think it.\n- ✅ Will he come? I think so.\n- 提醒：替代「会来」这整个说法，用 so，不用 it。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"I need a pencil. Do you have ______?\", \"options\": [\"one\", \"ones\", \"some\", \"do\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"a pencil 是单数可数名词，用 one 替代。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"Will he come? I think ______.\", \"options\": [\"so\", \"it\", \"do\", \"one\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"替代「他会来」这个说法用 so：I think so.\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"Who broke the cup? Tom ______.\", \"options\": [\"did\", \"do\", \"so\", \"one\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"did 替代过去式的动词 broke：Tom did.\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\none 替名词、do 替动词、so 替从句，说话不啰嗦。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "compound-nouns",
    "title": "复合名词：两个词变一个",
    "cefr": "A2",
    "difficulty": 1,
    "summary": "两个名词合成一个新词，前一个名词通常用单数；变复数只变最后一个名词。",
    "md": "# 复合名词：两个词变一个\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\ntooth（牙齿）+ brush（刷子）= toothbrush（牙刷），两个词拼出一个新意思。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n两个名词合在一起变成一个新东西，就是**复合名词**。前面的名词起「形容」作用，通常用**单数**（picture book 而不是 pictures book）。变复数时只把**最后一个名词**变复数。\n\n```text\n名词 + 名词 → 新东西（前面用单数）\n变复数：只变最后一个（bus stop → bus stops）\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| a picture book | 一本图画书 |\n| a bus stop | 一个公交车站 |\n| two toothbrushes | 两支牙刷 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ a books shop\n- ✅ a bookshop\n- 提醒：前面的名词用单数 book，不加 s。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"「牙刷」的正确写法是？\", \"options\": [\"toothbrush\", \"teethbrush\", \"toothsbrush\", \"teeth brush\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"复合名词前面的名词用单数：tooth + brush = toothbrush。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"bus stop 的复数是？\", \"options\": [\"bus stops\", \"buses stops\", \"bus stop\", \"buses stop\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"只把最后一个名词变复数：bus stops。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"复合名词里，前面的名词通常是什么形式？\", \"options\": [\"单数\", \"复数\", \"-ing 形式\", \"过去式\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"前面的名词通常用单数，如 picture book、bus stop。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\n名词 + 名词 = 新东西；前面的名词用单数，复数只变最后一个。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "adjectives",
    "title": "形容词：给名词化妆",
    "cefr": "A1",
    "difficulty": 1,
    "summary": "形容词描述名词，通常放在名词前，也可放在 be 动词后；形容词没有单复数变化。",
    "md": "# 形容词：给名词化妆\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n想让名词更生动？给它加个形容词「化妆」。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n形容词描述名词的样子（大小、颜色、心情等），通常放在**名词前面**，也可以放在 **be 动词后面**。英语形容词**没有变化**：不加复数 s，也不分男女。\n\n```text\n形容词 + 名词（a big dog）\n主语 + be + 形容词（She is happy.）\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| a big dog | 一只大狗 |\n| She is happy. | 她很开心。 |\n| two small red apples | 两个红色的小苹果 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ two bigs dogs\n- ✅ two big dogs\n- 提醒：形容词永远不加复数 s。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪一个是正确的？\", \"options\": [\"a reds apple\", \"a red apple\", \"an red apple\", \"apple red\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"形容词放在名词前且不变形：a red apple。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"在 a cute cat 里，cute 是什么词？\", \"options\": [\"名词\", \"形容词\", \"动词\", \"副词\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"cute（可爱的）描述 cat，是形容词。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪一个是正确的？\", \"options\": [\"two bigs dogs\", \"two big dogs\", \"two big dog\", \"two dogs big\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"形容词不加 s，名词要变复数：two big dogs。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\n形容词放名词前或 be 动词后；它不变形，永远不加 s。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "numbers",
    "title": "数字：基数词与序数词",
    "cefr": "A1",
    "difficulty": 1,
    "summary": "基数词数数量（one, two），序数词排顺序（first, second）；日期常用序数词。",
    "md": "# 数字：基数词与序数词\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n数「有几个」和排「第几名」，用的是两套词。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n**基数词**用来数数量：one, two, three…**序数词**用来排顺序：first（第 1）、second（第 2）、third（第 3）…，前面常加 the。说**日期**时也用序数词。\n\n```text\n基数词：one, two, three…（几个）\n序数词：the first, the second…（第几）\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| I have three cats. | 我有三只猫。 |\n| She came first in the race. | 她比赛得了第一。 |\n| My birthday is on May 2nd. | 我的生日在 5 月 2 日。 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ We live on the three floor.\n- ✅ We live on the third floor.\n- 提醒：表示「第几层」要用序数词 the third。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪个是序数词？\", \"options\": [\"three\", \"third\", \"thirteen\", \"thirty\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"third（第三）是序数词；three 是基数词。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"We live on the ______ floor.（我们住在五楼。）\", \"options\": [\"five\", \"fifth\", \"fiveth\", \"fivth\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"「第几层」用序数词：the fifth floor。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"2nd 怎么读？\", \"options\": [\"second\", \"twoth\", \"twond\", \"two\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"2nd = second（第二）。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\n基数词数「几个」，序数词排「第几」；日期用序数词。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "gradable-and-non-gradable-adjectives",
    "title": "可分级与不可分级形容词",
    "cefr": "B1",
    "difficulty": 2,
    "summary": "可分级形容词（hot, tired）用 very / a bit 修饰；不可分级形容词（perfect, dead）用 absolutely 等；really 两者都能配。",
    "md": "# 可分级与不可分级形容词\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\nhot 可以「有点热、非常热」，但 perfect 没有「有点完美」——形容词分两类。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n**可分级形容词**（hot、tired）有程度高低，用 **very、a bit** 等修饰。**不可分级形容词**（perfect、dead、exhausted）本身已是「顶点」，用 **absolutely、completely** 等修饰。**really** 两类都能用。\n\n```text\n可分级：very / a bit + hot, tired…\n不可分级：absolutely / completely + perfect, dead…\n通用：really + 两类都行\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| It's very hot today. | 今天非常热。 |\n| The cake is absolutely perfect. | 这个蛋糕简直完美。 |\n| I'm really tired. | 我真的很累。 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ very perfect\n- ✅ absolutely perfect\n- 提醒：perfect 是「顶点」形容词，不用 very，用 absolutely。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪个搭配是正确的？\", \"options\": [\"very dead\", \"absolutely perfect\", \"a bit perfect\", \"very perfect\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"perfect 是不可分级形容词，用 absolutely 修饰。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪个形容词可以用 very 修饰？\", \"options\": [\"dead\", \"hot\", \"perfect\", \"impossible\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"hot 有程度高低，可以说 very hot；dead、perfect、impossible 都是「顶点」词。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪个词两类形容词都能修饰？\", \"options\": [\"really\", \"absolutely\", \"completely\", \"slightly\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"really 既可说 really hot，也可说 really perfect。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\n有程度的用 very，到顶的用 absolutely，really 两边都能搭。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "comparative-adjectives",
    "title": "比较级形容词：-er 与 more",
    "cefr": "A2",
    "difficulty": 1,
    "summary": "两者比较：短词加 -er + than，长词用 more + 形容词 + than；good → better 不规则。",
    "md": "# 比较级形容词：-er 与 more\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n两个人比一比，形容词要穿上「比较装」。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n比较两个东西：**短形容词加 -er**，后面用 **than** 引出比较对象；**长形容词用 more**（或 less）。别忘了不规则：good → better、bad → worse。\n\n```text\n短词 + -er + than（taller than）\nmore / less + 长词 + than\ngood → better, bad → worse\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Tom is taller than Ben. | 汤姆比本高。 |\n| English is more interesting than math. | 英语比数学有趣。 |\n| Today is better than yesterday. | 今天比昨天好。 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ She is more taller than me.\n- ✅ She is taller than me.\n- 提醒：-er 和 more 只能选一个，不能同时用。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"My bag is ______ than yours.\", \"options\": [\"heavy\", \"heavier\", \"more heavy\", \"heaviest\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"heavy 是短词，变 y 为 i 加 -er：heavier。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"This film is ______ than that one.\", \"options\": [\"more good\", \"gooder\", \"better\", \"best\"], \"answer\": 2, \"explain\": \"good 的比较级是不规则的 better。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪一句是正确的？\", \"options\": [\"She is more taller.\", \"She is taller than me.\", \"She is tall than me.\", \"She is more tall than.\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"短词加 -er，再用 than 引出对象：taller than me。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\n短词 -er + than，长词 more + than；good → better 要背牢。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "linking-words-overview",
    "title": "连接词总览：and / but / because",
    "cefr": "B1",
    "difficulty": 2,
    "summary": "并列连词（and, but, or）连接平等成分；从属连词（because, when, although）带出从句，从句可前可后。",
    "md": "# 连接词总览：and / but / because\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n连接词像胶水，把词和句子粘成更有逻辑的话。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n**并列连词**（and、but、or）连接地位平等的成分；**从属连词**（because、when、although 等）引出从句，从句可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。注意：although 和 but **不能同时用**。\n\n```text\n并列：A and / but / or B\n从属：because / when / although + 从句（可前可后）\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| I like tea, but my sister likes coffee. | 我喜欢茶，但我姐姐喜欢咖啡。 |\n| We stayed inside because it rained. | 因为下雨，我们待在屋里。 |\n| Although he was tired, he finished the work. | 虽然他很累，还是完成了工作。 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ Although it rained, but we went out.\n- ✅ Although it rained, we went out.\n- 提醒：although 和 but 用一个就够了，不能同时出现。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪个是并列连词？\", \"options\": [\"because\", \"and\", \"although\", \"when\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"and 连接平等的两部分，是并列连词；because、although、when 是从属连词。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪一句是正确的？\", \"options\": [\"Although it rained, but we went out.\", \"Although it rained, we went out.\", \"But although it rained, we went out.\", \"Although but it rained, we went out.\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"although 和 but 不能同时用，选 Although it rained, we went out.\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"从句可以放在哪里？\", \"options\": [\"只能句首\", \"只能句尾\", \"主句前或主句后\", \"只能两个动词之间\"], \"answer\": 2, \"explain\": \"从属连词引导的从句位置灵活：Because it rained, we stayed. = We stayed because it rained.\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\nand / but / or 连接平等成分；because / although 带从句；although 和 but 不同框。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "two-comparatives-together",
    "title": "双比较级：越……越……",
    "cefr": "B1",
    "difficulty": 2,
    "summary": "the + 比较级 …, the + 比较级 … 表示「越……越……」；比较级 + and + 比较级表示「越来越……」。",
    "md": "# 双比较级：越……越……\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n「越练越好」「越来越冷」，英语用两个比较级来表达。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n① **the + 比较级 …, the + 比较级 …** 表示「越……越……」，讲因果变化。② **比较级 + and + 比较级**表示「越来越……」；长形容词说 **more and more + 形容词**。\n\n```text\nthe more …, the better …（越……越……）\n-er and -er / more and more + 长词（越来越……）\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| The more you practice, the better you get. | 你练得越多，进步越大。 |\n| It's getting colder and colder. | 天气越来越冷了。 |\n| The city is becoming more and more crowded. | 这座城市越来越拥挤。 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ The more you practice, the more better you get.\n- ✅ The more you practice, the better you get.\n- 提醒：better 本身就是比较级，前面不能再加 more。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"______ you read, ______ you know.（读得越多，懂得越多。）\", \"options\": [\"The more, the more\", \"More, more\", \"The most, the most\", \"Much, much\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"「越……越……」用 the + 比较级：The more you read, the more you know.\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"It's getting ______.\", \"options\": [\"cold and cold\", \"colder and colder\", \"more cold and cold\", \"coldest and coldest\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"「越来越冷」用比较级 + and + 比较级：colder and colder。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"The bus is becoming ______.\", \"options\": [\"more and more crowded\", \"crowder and crowder\", \"more crowder\", \"most crowded\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"长形容词 crowded 用 more and more + 形容词。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\nthe …, the … 说「越……越……」；-er and -er / more and more 说「越来越……」。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "prefixes",
    "title": "前缀：词头的小帽子",
    "cefr": "A2",
    "difficulty": 2,
    "summary": "前缀加在词首改变意思：un- / dis- / im- 表「不」，re- 表「再」，mis- 表「错」。",
    "md": "# 前缀：词头的小帽子\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n给单词戴顶「帽子」，意思马上变——这就是前缀。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n前缀是加在单词**开头**的几个字母。**un- / dis- / im-** 表示「不、非」（unhappy、impossible），**re-** 表示「再一次」（rewrite），**mis-** 表示「错误地」（misunderstand）。同一个词根戴上不同帽子，意思就不同。\n\n```text\nun- / dis- / im- = 不、非\nre- = 再、重新      mis- = 错误地\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| I'm unhappy about the result. | 我对结果不满意。 |\n| Please rewrite your answer. | 请把你的答案重写一遍。 |\n| Sorry, I misunderstood you. | 抱歉，我误会你了。 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ unpossible\n- ✅ impossible\n- 提醒：不是所有词都能加 un-，possible 的否定前缀是 im-。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"前缀 un- 表示什么意思？\", \"options\": [\"不、非\", \"再、重新\", \"错误地\", \"在……之前\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"un- 表示否定：unhappy = 不开心。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"前缀 re- 表示什么意思？\", \"options\": [\"不、非\", \"再、重新\", \"错误地\", \"一起\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"re- 表示再做一次：rewrite = 重写。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪一个是正确的？\", \"options\": [\"unpossible\", \"impossible\", \"inpossible\", \"dispossible\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"possible 的否定形式是 impossible，前缀用 im-。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\nun- / dis- / im- 说「不」，re- 说「再」，mis- 说「错」；前缀换帽子，意思跟着变。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "as-as-comparisons",
    "title": "as … as：一样……",
    "cefr": "A2",
    "difficulty": 1,
    "summary": "as + 形容词原级 + as 表示「和……一样」；否定用 not as / so … as；形容词用原级不用比较级。",
    "md": "# as … as：一样……\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n两个人「一样高」，不用比较级，用 as … as。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n**as + 形容词原级 + as** 表示「和……一样……」，注意中间用**原级**，不加 -er。否定形式 **not as / not so … as** 表示「不如……」。\n\n```text\nas + 形容词原级 + as（和……一样）\nnot as / not so + 原级 + as（不如……）\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| She is as tall as her mother. | 她和妈妈一样高。 |\n| Tom runs as fast as a deer. | 汤姆跑得像鹿一样快。 |\n| I'm not as strong as you. | 我没有你强壮。 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ He is as taller as his brother.\n- ✅ He is as tall as his brother.\n- 提醒：as … as 中间必须用形容词原级。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"He is as ______ as his brother.\", \"options\": [\"tall\", \"taller\", \"tallest\", \"more tall\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"as … as 中间用原级 tall。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪一句是正确的？\", \"options\": [\"She is as smarter as me.\", \"She is as smart as me.\", \"She is as smart than me.\", \"She as smart as is me.\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"结构是 as + 原级 + as：She is as smart as me.\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"not as big as 是什么意思？\", \"options\": [\"不如……大\", \"比……大\", \"最大\", \"一样大\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"not as … as 表示「不如……」。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\nas + 原级 + as = 一样……；not as … as = 不如……；中间永远是原级。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "suffixes",
    "title": "后缀：词尾的小尾巴",
    "cefr": "B1",
    "difficulty": 2,
    "summary": "后缀加在词尾改变意思或词性：-ful「充满」、-less「没有」、-er「人」、-ly「副词」。",
    "md": "# 后缀：词尾的小尾巴\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n单词后面接条「小尾巴」，意思和词性都可能变。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n后缀加在单词**末尾**：**-ful** 表示「充满……的」（helpful），**-less** 表示「没有……的」（careless），**-er / -or** 表示「做……的人」（teacher），**-ly** 常把形容词变副词（quickly）。有些后缀还会改变词性。\n\n```text\n-ful = 充满……      -less = 没有……\n-er / -or = ……的人   -ly = 副词尾巴\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| She is very helpful. | 她很乐于助人。 |\n| Be careful! Don't be careless. | 要小心！别粗心。 |\n| My mother is a teacher. | 我妈妈是老师。 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ happyness\n- ✅ happiness\n- 提醒：以「辅音字母 + y」结尾的词加后缀时，y 通常变 i 再加后缀。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"后缀 -less 表示什么？\", \"options\": [\"充满……\", \"没有……\", \"做……的人\", \"地方\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"-less 表示「没有」：careless = 粗心的（没有心思的）。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"教书的人叫什么？\", \"options\": [\"teacher\", \"teachful\", \"teachless\", \"teachment\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"-er 表示做某事的人：teach + er = teacher。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"happy 的名词形式是？\", \"options\": [\"happyness\", \"happiness\", \"happyment\", \"happiful\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"y 变 i 再加 -ness：happiness。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\n前缀改意思在词头，后缀改意思也改词性在词尾；-ful / -less / -er / -ly 最常见。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "superlative-adjectives",
    "title": "最高级形容词：最……",
    "cefr": "A2",
    "difficulty": 1,
    "summary": "the + 短词 -est 或 the most + 长词表示「最……」；good → best、bad → worst 不规则。",
    "md": "# 最高级形容词：最……\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n三个以上比一比，要选出「最」的那个。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n**短形容词加 -est**，前面要有 **the**；**长形容词用 the most**（或 the least）。不规则：good → best、bad → worst。\n\n```text\nthe + 短词 -est（the tallest）\nthe most / least + 长词\ngood → best, bad → worst\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| He is the tallest in our class. | 他是我们班最高的。 |\n| This is the most interesting book. | 这是最有趣的一本书。 |\n| Summer is the best season. | 夏天是最好的季节。 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ She is most smartest in class.\n- ✅ She is the smartest in class.\n- 提醒：the 不能丢，-est 和 most 也不能同时用。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"She is the ______ girl in class.\", \"options\": [\"smart\", \"smarter\", \"smartest\", \"most smart\"], \"answer\": 2, \"explain\": \"短词 smart 加 -est：the smartest。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"This is ______ day of my life.\", \"options\": [\"the best\", \"the goodest\", \"the better\", \"best the\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"good 的最高级是不规则的 best，前面加 the。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪一个是正确的？\", \"options\": [\"the most beautiful city\", \"the beautifulest city\", \"most beautiful city\", \"the beautifullest city\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"长形容词 beautiful 用 the most + 原形。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\n短词 the + -est，长词 the most；good → best、bad → worst。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "easily-confused-phrases",
    "title": "易混短语：used to 三兄弟",
    "cefr": "B2",
    "difficulty": 3,
    "summary": "used to do = 过去常常；be used to doing = 已经习惯；get used to doing = 逐渐习惯，三者别混。",
    "md": "# 易混短语：used to 三兄弟\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n长得很像的三兄弟，意思完全不同，认错了会闹笑话。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n① **used to + 动词原形**：过去常常做（现在不做了）。② **be used to + doing**：已经习惯了。③ **get used to + doing**：正在逐渐习惯。后两个的 to 是介词，后面跟 -ing。\n\n```text\nused to do = 过去常常\nbe used to doing = 已习惯\nget used to doing = 逐渐习惯\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| I used to get up late. | 我过去常常晚起。 |\n| I am used to getting up early now. | 现在我习惯早起了。 |\n| I'm getting used to the cold weather. | 我正慢慢习惯寒冷的天气。 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ I am used to get up early.\n- ✅ I am used to getting up early.\n- 提醒：be used to 的 to 是介词，后面要用 -ing 形式。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"used to + 动词原形 表示什么？\", \"options\": [\"过去常常做\", \"现在习惯了\", \"正在变得习惯\", \"必须做\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"used to do 说过去常常、现在不再做的事。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"She ______ living alone now.（她已经习惯独居。）\", \"options\": [\"is used to\", \"used to\", \"use to\", \"is use to\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"「已经习惯」用 be used to + doing：is used to living。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪一句是正确的？\", \"options\": [\"I used to play tennis when I was young.\", \"I used to playing tennis when I was young.\", \"I am used to play tennis when I was young.\", \"I use to play tennis when I was young.\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"说小时候常常做某事，用 used to + 动词原形。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\nused to do 过去常常；be used to doing 已习惯；get used to doing 正变得习惯。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "adverbs-of-manner",
    "title": "方式副词：怎样做",
    "cefr": "A2",
    "difficulty": 1,
    "summary": "方式副词说明动作「怎样做」，常在动词后；多数由形容词 + -ly 构成；good → well、fast → fast。",
    "md": "# 方式副词：怎样做\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n唱得「好听」、跑得「快」——方式副词回答「怎样做」。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n方式副词描述动作的方式，通常放在**动词后面**。多数由**形容词 + -ly** 构成（quick → quickly）；以 -y 结尾的变 **-ily**（happy → happily）。不规则：good → well、fast → fast。\n\n```text\n形容词 + -ly（quiet → quietly）\n辅音 + y 结尾：y 变 i + -ly（happy → happily）\n不规则：good → well, fast → fast\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| She sings beautifully. | 她唱得很好听。 |\n| He runs fast. | 他跑得快。 |\n| Please speak slowly. | 请说慢一点。 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ She sings beautiful.\n- ✅ She sings beautifully.\n- 提醒：修饰「唱」这个动作要用副词 beautifully，不是形容词 beautiful。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"He drives ______.\", \"options\": [\"careful\", \"carefully\", \"carefuly\", \"carefull\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"careful + -ly = carefully，修饰动词 drives。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"good 的副词是？\", \"options\": [\"goodly\", \"well\", \"good\", \"welly\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"good 的副词是不规则的 well。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"方式副词通常放在哪里？\", \"options\": [\"动词后面\", \"名词前面\", \"冠词前面\", \"句首\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"方式副词通常跟在它描述的动词后面。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\n方式副词说「怎样做」，常在动词后；形容词 + -ly，good → well 要记住。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "sequencing-and-organizing",
    "title": "顺序与组织：first, then, finally",
    "cefr": "B1",
    "difficulty": 2,
    "summary": "用 first / next / then / finally 讲清步骤；举例用 for example 或 such as，such as 只用在句中。",
    "md": "# 顺序与组织：first, then, finally\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n讲步骤、写说明，用顺序词让听者跟得上。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n按顺序讲事情用：**first**（首先）、**next / then**（接下来）、**after that**（之后）、**finally**（最后）。举例用 **for example** 或 **such as**；such as 只能用在**句中**引出例子。\n\n```text\nFirst → Next / Then → After that → Finally\n举例：for example / such as + 例子\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| First, wash the rice. | 首先，把米洗了。 |\n| Then, cook it. Finally, enjoy! | 然后煮好，最后享用！ |\n| I love fruits such as apples and bananas. | 我喜欢苹果、香蕉这类水果。 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ Such as apples, I like fruits.\n- ✅ I like fruits such as apples.\n- 提醒：such as 只用在句子中间引出例子，不放句首。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"讲步骤的第一步通常用哪个词开头？\", \"options\": [\"First\", \"Finally\", \"Then\", \"Next\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"第一步用 First（首先）。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"表示「最后」用哪个词？\", \"options\": [\"first\", \"then\", \"finally\", \"next\"], \"answer\": 2, \"explain\": \"finally 表示最后一步。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪一句是正确的？\", \"options\": [\"Such as apples, I like fruits.\", \"I like fruits such as apples.\", \"I like such as apples fruits.\", \"Such as I like fruits apples.\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"such as 用在句中引出例子：fruits such as apples。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\nfirst → then → finally 讲顺序；举例用 for example / such as。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "comparative-and-superlative-adverbs",
    "title": "副词的比较级与最高级",
    "cefr": "B1",
    "difficulty": 2,
    "summary": "多数副词用 more / most 比较；短副词加 -er / -est；well → better → best、badly → worse → worst。",
    "md": "# 副词的比较级与最高级\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n跑得更「快」、学得更「认真」——副词也能比一比。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n多数副词的比较级用 **more + 副词**，最高级用 **most + 副词**。短副词可以加 **-er / -est**（faster、fastest）。不规则：well → better → best，badly → worse → worst。\n\n```text\nmore / most + 副词（more carefully）\n短副词 + -er / -est（faster / fastest）\nwell → better → best\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| She runs faster than me. | 她跑得比我快。 |\n| He works the hardest in the team. | 他在队里干活最卖力。 |\n| She sings better than anyone else. | 她唱得比其他任何人都好。 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ He runs more faster than me.\n- ✅ He runs faster than me.\n- 提醒：faster 已是比较级，不能再加 more。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"He runs ______ than me.\", \"options\": [\"fast\", \"faster\", \"fastest\", \"more fast\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"短副词 fast 加 -er：faster。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"She sings ______ than me.\", \"options\": [\"gooder\", \"better\", \"more good\", \"best\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"well / good 的比较级是不规则的 better。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"carefully 的最高级是？\", \"options\": [\"most carefully\", \"carefulliest\", \"carefullyest\", \"more carefully\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"长副词用 most + 副词：most carefully。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\n长副词 more / most，短副词 -er / -est；well → better → best。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "correcting-and-changing-the-subject",
    "title": "纠正与换话题：actually / by the way",
    "cefr": "B1",
    "difficulty": 2,
    "summary": "纠正别人用 Actually 并注意语气；换话题用 By the way；回到原话题用 Anyway / As I was saying。",
    "md": "# 纠正与换话题：actually / by the way\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n礼貌地纠错、自然地换话题，都有固定说法。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n纠正或委婉反对时用 **Actually, …**（其实……），注意语气别太冲。换话题用 **By the way**（顺便问一下）；绕回原来的话题用 **Anyway** 或 **As I was saying**。\n\n```text\n纠正：Actually, …\n换话题：By the way, …\n回话题：Anyway, … / As I was saying, …\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Actually, the film starts at 8, not 7. | 其实电影八点开始，不是七点。 |\n| By the way, did you see Tom? | 对了，你见到汤姆了吗？ |\n| Anyway, let's get back to the plan. | 言归正传，我们回到计划上来。 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ You're wrong! The film starts at 8!\n- ✅ Actually, the film starts at 8.\n- 提醒：直接说「你错了」太生硬，用 Actually 开头更礼貌。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"想礼貌地纠正别人的话，用哪个词开头？\", \"options\": [\"Actually\", \"Because\", \"Finally\", \"Never\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"Actually（其实）用来委婉地纠正或补充。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"想换个新话题，用哪个短语？\", \"options\": [\"By the way\", \"As I was saying\", \"In conclusion\", \"So far\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"By the way（顺便问一下）用来引入新话题。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"聊岔了想回到原话题，用哪个词？\", \"options\": [\"Anyway\", \"By the way\", \"For example\", \"At first\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"Anyway（言归正传）把话题拉回来。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\nActually 纠错，By the way 换话题，Anyway / As I was saying 回话题。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "adverbs-of-degree",
    "title": "程度副词：有多……",
    "cefr": "B1",
    "difficulty": 2,
    "summary": "程度副词放形容词前调节强弱：very / really 加强，a bit 减弱；「顶点」词配 absolutely / almost。",
    "md": "# 程度副词：有多……\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n「有点冷」还是「非常冷」？程度副词来调音量。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n程度副词放在**形容词或动词前**，把意思调强或调弱：**very、really** 加强，**a bit、slightly** 减弱。可分级形容词（cold、tired）配 very / a bit；「顶点」形容词（perfect、exhausted）配 **absolutely、almost** 等。\n\n```text\n加强：very / really + 形容词\n减弱：a bit / slightly + 形容词\n顶点词：absolutely / almost + perfect, exhausted…\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| It's very cold today. | 今天非常冷。 |\n| I'm a bit tired. | 我有点累。 |\n| The glass is almost full. | 杯子快满了。 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ I'm very exhausted.\n- ✅ I'm absolutely exhausted.\n- 提醒：exhausted 本身已是「累极了」，用 absolutely 修饰更地道。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"程度副词通常放在哪里？\", \"options\": [\"形容词前面\", \"名词后面\", \"句尾\", \"冠词前面\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"程度副词放在形容词前，如 very cold。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"I'm ______ tired.（我有点累。）\", \"options\": [\"a bit\", \"a few\", \"many\", \"any\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"a bit（有一点）减弱程度，修饰形容词 tired。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪个搭配是正确的？\", \"options\": [\"absolutely perfect\", \"very perfect\", \"a bit perfect\", \"much perfect\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"perfect 是「顶点」形容词，用 absolutely 修饰。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\nvery / really 调强，a bit 调弱；顶点词配 absolutely / almost。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "deciding-and-hedging",
    "title": "决定与缓和语气：留有余地",
    "cefr": "B2",
    "difficulty": 3,
    "summary": "用 maybe / perhaps、seem / appear、It seems that … 让语气不那么绝对；讨论问题先摆两边观点。",
    "md": "# 决定与缓和语气：留有余地\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n话说得太满容易出错，学会给自己留余地。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n想让语气不那么绝对，用**缓和词**：**maybe / perhaps**（也许）、**seem / appear**（看起来）、**It seems / appears that …**。讨论问题时先摆两边：**on the one hand …, on the other hand …**。\n\n```text\nMaybe / Perhaps + 句子\nseem / appear + to do\nIt seems / appears that + 从句\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Maybe it will rain tomorrow. | 明天也许会下雨。 |\n| He seems to be tired. | 他看起来很累。 |\n| It appears that the shop is closed. | 商店好像关门了。 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ He seems is tired.\n- ✅ He seems to be tired.\n- 提醒：seem 后面接 to do，不能直接接 is。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪个词能让语气变得不那么绝对？\", \"options\": [\"maybe\", \"always\", \"never\", \"definitely\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"maybe（也许）表示不确定，给话留余地。\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪一句是正确的？\", \"options\": [\"He seems to be tired.\", \"He seems is tired.\", \"He seems tired is.\", \"He seem to be tired.\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"seem + to do：He seems to be tired.\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"表示「看起来……」的句型是？\", \"options\": [\"It seems that …\", \"It does that …\", \"It seems for …\", \"It seems of …\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"It seems / appears that + 从句，表示「看起来……」。\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\nmaybe / perhaps 说也许，seem / appear 说看起来；说话留余地，讨论摆两边。\n"
  },
  {
    "id": "adverbs-of-time",
    "title": "时间副词：just / already / yet / still",
    "cefr": "A2",
    "difficulty": 1,
    "summary": "just = 刚刚，already = 已经，yet 用于否定疑问句表「还没」，still = 仍然在继续。",
    "md": "# 时间副词：just / already / yet / still\n\n## ① 目标·导入\n\n「刚刚做完」「还没做」「还在做」——时间副词把时间说准。\n\n## ② 规则讲解\n\n**just** 表示「刚刚」；**already** 表示「已经」（常比预期早）；**yet** 用在**否定句和疑问句**里，表示「还没 / 到现在为止」；**still** 表示「仍然」，动作还在继续。\n\n```text\njust = 刚刚      already = 已经\nyet = 还没（否定 / 疑问）   still = 仍然\n```\n\n## ③ 例句库\n\n| 英文 | 中文 |\n| --- | --- |\n| I've just finished my homework. | 我刚做完作业。 |\n| She has already left. | 她已经走了。 |\n| It's still raining. | 还在下雨。 |\n\n## ④ 易错·对比\n\n- ❌ I haven't finished already.\n- ✅ I haven't finished yet.\n- 提醒：否定句里说「还没」用 yet，不用 already。\n\n## ⑤ 即时练习\n\n```quiz\n{\n  \"questions\": [\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"哪个词用在否定句里表示「还没」？\", \"options\": [\"already\", \"yet\", \"just\", \"still\"], \"answer\": 1, \"explain\": \"yet 用在否定句和疑问句：I haven't finished yet.\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"表示「仍然在继续」用哪个词？\", \"options\": [\"just\", \"yet\", \"still\", \"already\"], \"answer\": 2, \"explain\": \"still 表示动作还在继续：It's still raining.\"},\n    {\"type\": \"choice\", \"stem\": \"She has ______ gone home. She left a minute ago.（她一分钟前刚走。）\", \"options\": [\"just\", \"yet\", \"still\", \"ever\"], \"answer\": 0, \"explain\": \"刚刚发生的事用 just：She has just gone home.\"}\n  ]\n}\n```\n\n## ⑥ 小结·知识卡\n\njust 刚刚、already 已经、yet 还没、still 仍然；否定疑问找 yet。\n"
  }
]