jacobxu666andClaude Opus 4.8
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308 lines
20 KiB
TypeScript
308 lines
20 KiB
TypeScript
import type { SyllabusEntry } from "./types";
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// 第 1 周:A1 起步 —— 动词 be、一般现在时、否定与疑问、冠词与复数、指示词与物主、代词与语序
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// 全部讲解、例句、练习、测验均为原创。
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export const week01: SyllabusEntry[] = [
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{
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type: "lesson",
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cefr: "A1",
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title: "The verb “be” (am / is / are)",
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goal: "学会用 am / is / are 描述身份、状态和地点。",
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sections: [
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{
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heading: "Three forms of “be”",
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zh: "be 动词随主语变:我用 am,你用 are,is 跟着他/她/它。",
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body: "The verb “be” is the most common verb in English. In the present tense it has three forms: “am”, “is”, and “are”. We choose the form by looking at the subject (the person or thing we talk about). “I” always goes with “am”. “He”, “she”, “it”, and any single name go with “is”. “You”, “we”, “they”, and plural nouns go with “are”.",
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structure: {
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cols: ["Subject", "be", "Example"],
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rows: [
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["I", "am", "I am a student."],
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["He / She / It", "is", "She is happy."],
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["You / We / They", "are", "They are at home."],
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],
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},
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examples: ["I am ten years old.", "My brother is tall.", "We are friends."],
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note: "“You” always takes “are”, even when “you” means just one person.",
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},
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{
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heading: "Short forms (contractions)",
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zh: "口语和写作里常把主语和 be 缩在一起。",
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body: "In speaking and in informal writing we usually shorten the subject and “be” together. “I am” becomes “I’m”, “she is” becomes “she’s”, “they are” becomes “they’re”. The meaning stays exactly the same.",
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examples: ["I’m tired.", "He’s a doctor.", "We’re ready.", "You’re kind."],
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note: "We do not contract “am not” into “I amn’t”. The negative short form is “I’m not”.",
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},
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{
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heading: "What we use “be” for",
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zh: "be 用来表达身份、感觉、年龄、地点。",
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body: "We use “be” to say who someone is, how someone feels, how old someone is, and where someone is. English does not use a separate verb for age the way some languages do — we say “I am ten”, not “I have ten”.",
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examples: ["She is my teacher.", "I am hungry.", "He is twelve.", "The book is on the desk."],
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},
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],
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practice: [
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{ q: "I ___ a pupil.", options: ["am", "is", "are"], answer: 0, explain: "主语是 I,用 am。" },
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{ q: "The cats ___ in the garden.", options: ["am", "is", "are"], answer: 2, explain: "cats 是复数,用 are。" },
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{ q: "Tom ___ my friend.", options: ["am", "is", "are"], answer: 1, explain: "Tom 是单数人名,用 is。" },
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],
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quiz: [
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{ q: "She ___ very clever.", options: ["am", "is", "are"], answer: 1, explain: "She → is。" },
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{ q: "You ___ late today.", options: ["am", "is", "are"], answer: 2, explain: "You → are。" },
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{ q: "My parents ___ at work.", options: ["is", "are", "am"], answer: 1, explain: "parents 复数 → are。" },
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{ q: "I ___ eleven years old.", options: ["have", "am", "is"], answer: 1, explain: "说年龄用 be:I am。" },
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{ q: "It ___ a sunny day.", options: ["are", "is", "am"], answer: 1, explain: "It → is。" },
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],
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},
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{
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type: "lesson",
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cefr: "A1",
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title: "The present simple (positive)",
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goal: "学会用一般现在时陈述习惯与事实,掌握第三人称单数加 -s。",
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sections: [
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{
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heading: "What the present simple means",
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zh: "一般现在时表示经常发生的事或不变的事实。",
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body: "We use the present simple for things that happen again and again (habits and routines), and for facts that are always true. Examples of habits: “I walk to school.” Facts: “The sun rises in the east.”",
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examples: ["I get up at seven.", "Birds fly.", "My father works in a bank."],
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},
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{
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heading: "The -s ending",
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zh: "I/you/we/they 用原形;he/she/it 在动词后加 -s 或 -es。",
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body: "For “I”, “you”, “we”, “they” the verb stays in its base form. But for “he”, “she”, “it”, and any single name, we add “-s” to the verb. This is the one rule that learners forget most often, so remember it well.",
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structure: {
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cols: ["Subject", "Verb form", "Example"],
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rows: [
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["I / You / We / They", "base form", "We play football."],
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["He / She / It / a name", "base + -s", "He plays football."],
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],
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},
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examples: ["I like apples.", "She likes apples.", "They read every night.", "Tom reads every night."],
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},
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{
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heading: "Spelling rules for -s and -es",
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zh: "以 -sh/-ch/-s/-x/-o 结尾的动词加 -es;辅音+y 结尾变 y 为 i 再加 -es。",
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body: "Most verbs just add “-s”. Verbs ending in -sh, -ch, -ss, -x, or -o add “-es” so we can pronounce them: “watch → watches”, “go → goes”. Verbs ending in a consonant + y change the y to i and add “-es”: “study → studies”. A vowel before y just adds “-s”: “play → plays”.",
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examples: ["wash → washes", "watch → watches", "study → studies", "play → plays"],
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note: "“has” is the only irregular form here: have → has for he/she/it.",
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},
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],
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practice: [
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{ q: "He ___ (play) the piano.", options: ["play", "plays", "playes"], answer: 1, explain: "he 加 -s:plays。" },
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{ q: "They ___ (go) home by bus.", options: ["go", "goes", "gos"], answer: 0, explain: "they 用原形 go。" },
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{ q: "She ___ (study) English.", options: ["studys", "studies", "study"], answer: 1, explain: "辅音+y → i+es:studies。" },
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],
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quiz: [
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{ q: "My sister ___ milk every morning.", options: ["drink", "drinks", "drinking"], answer: 1, explain: "sister 单数 → drinks。" },
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{ q: "We ___ in a small town.", options: ["live", "lives", "lived"], answer: 0, explain: "we 用原形 live。" },
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{ q: "The bus ___ at eight.", options: ["leave", "leaves", "leavs"], answer: 1, explain: "bus 单数 → leaves。" },
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{ q: "I ___ my teeth twice a day.", options: ["brush", "brushs", "brushes"], answer: 0, explain: "I 用原形 brush。" },
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{ q: "Anna ___ a red bike.", options: ["have", "has", "haves"], answer: 1, explain: "单数第三人称 have→has。" },
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],
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},
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{
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type: "lesson",
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cefr: "A1",
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title: "Present simple: negatives and questions",
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goal: "用 do / does 造否定句和疑问句。",
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sections: [
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{
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heading: "Negatives with don’t / doesn’t",
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zh: "否定句用 don't(I/you/we/they)或 doesn't(he/she/it),动词回到原形。",
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body: "To make a negative sentence in the present simple, we use the helper “do not” (don’t) or “does not” (doesn’t) before the base form of the verb. Notice that after “doesn’t” the main verb loses its -s and returns to the base form.",
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structure: {
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cols: ["Subject", "helper", "verb", "Example"],
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rows: [
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["I / You / We / They", "don’t", "base", "I don’t like fish."],
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["He / She / It", "doesn’t", "base", "He doesn’t like fish."],
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],
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},
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examples: ["We don’t have a car.", "She doesn’t eat meat.", "It doesn’t rain much here."],
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note: "Say “he doesn’t like”, never “he doesn’t likes”. The -s is already inside “doesn’t”.",
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},
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{
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heading: "Yes/No questions with Do / Does",
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zh: "一般疑问句把 Do/Does 放句首,回答用短答语。",
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body: "For yes/no questions we put “Do” or “Does” at the front, then the subject, then the base verb. Short answers repeat the helper: “Yes, I do.” / “No, she doesn’t.”",
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examples: ["Do you like music? — Yes, I do.", "Does he play tennis? — No, he doesn’t."],
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},
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{
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heading: "Wh- questions",
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zh: "特殊疑问句在 Do/Does 前加疑问词(what/where/when/why/who)。",
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body: "To ask for information we add a question word before “do/does”. “What do you eat?” “Where does she live?” “Who” is special: when “who” is the subject, the verb takes -s and we do not use “do/does”: “Who lives here?”",
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examples: ["What time do you get up?", "Where do they study?", "Who wants tea?"],
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},
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],
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practice: [
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{ q: "She ___ like coffee.", options: ["don’t", "doesn’t", "not"], answer: 1, explain: "she → doesn’t。" },
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{ q: "___ you speak French?", options: ["Do", "Does", "Are"], answer: 0, explain: "you → Do。" },
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{ q: "Where ___ he work?", options: ["do", "does", "is"], answer: 1, explain: "he → does。" },
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],
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quiz: [
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{ q: "They ___ not want to go.", options: ["do", "does", "is"], answer: 0, explain: "they → do。" },
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{ q: "Does your dog ___ fast?", options: ["runs", "run", "running"], answer: 1, explain: "Does 后用原形 run。" },
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{ q: "I ___ not understand.", options: ["does", "do", "am"], answer: 1, explain: "I → do。" },
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{ q: "___ it snow here in winter?", options: ["Do", "Does", "Is"], answer: 1, explain: "it → Does。" },
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{ q: "Who ___ in this house?", options: ["live", "lives", "do live"], answer: 1, explain: "who 作主语,动词加 -s:lives。" },
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],
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},
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{
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type: "lesson",
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cefr: "A1",
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title: "a / an / the and plural nouns",
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goal: "区分不定冠词 a/an、定冠词 the,以及名词单复数。",
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sections: [
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{
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heading: "a and an",
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zh: "a 用于辅音音素开头,an 用于元音音素开头,指“一个”。",
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body: "We use “a” or “an” with a singular countable noun when we mention it for the first time or mean “one of many”. The choice depends on the sound at the start, not the letter. Use “an” before a vowel sound (a, e, i, o, u sound) and “a” before a consonant sound.",
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examples: ["a book", "an apple", "an hour (the h is silent)", "a university (starts with a 'y' sound)"],
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note: "Watch “an hour” and “a university”: it is the sound that matters, not the spelling.",
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},
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{
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heading: "the",
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zh: "the 指双方都知道的、或唯一的那个事物。",
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body: "We use “the” when the listener knows which thing we mean, or when there is only one. “Close the door” (the door of this room). “The sun” (there is only one sun for us).",
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examples: ["Pass me the pen, please.", "The sky is blue.", "I read the book you gave me."],
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},
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{
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heading: "Plural nouns",
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zh: "多数名词加 -s;以 -s/-sh/-ch/-x 加 -es;辅音+y 变 -ies。",
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body: "Most nouns form the plural by adding “-s”. After -s, -sh, -ch, -x we add “-es”: “box → boxes”. A consonant + y changes to “-ies”: “city → cities”. Some common nouns are irregular and must be learned: “man → men”, “child → children”, “foot → feet”, “person → people”.",
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structure: {
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cols: ["Singular", "Plural"],
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rows: [
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["cat", "cats"],
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["bus", "buses"],
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["baby", "babies"],
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["child", "children"],
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],
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},
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note: "With a plural noun we usually do not use “a/an”: say “I like cats”, not “I like a cats”.",
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},
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],
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practice: [
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{ q: "She is ___ honest girl.", options: ["a", "an", "the"], answer: 1, explain: "honest 的 h 不发音,元音音素开头 → an。" },
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{ q: "Look at ___ moon!", options: ["a", "an", "the"], answer: 2, explain: "月亮独一无二 → the。" },
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{ q: "two ___ (child)", options: ["childs", "children", "childes"], answer: 1, explain: "child 的复数是 children。" },
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],
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quiz: [
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{ q: "He bought ___ umbrella.", options: ["a", "an", "the"], answer: 1, explain: "umbrella 元音开头 → an。" },
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{ q: "___ water is cold today.", options: ["A", "An", "The"], answer: 2, explain: "特指今天的水 → The。" },
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{ q: "I have three ___ .", options: ["box", "boxs", "boxes"], answer: 2, explain: "box 复数加 -es。" },
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{ q: "She saw two ___ in the zoo.", options: ["mouses", "mice", "mices"], answer: 1, explain: "mouse 复数是 mice。" },
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{ q: "It takes ___ hour.", options: ["a", "an", "—"], answer: 1, explain: "hour 的 h 不发音 → an。" },
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],
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},
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{
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type: "lesson",
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cefr: "A1",
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title: "this / that / these / those and possessives",
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goal: "用指示词指远近单复,用物主形容词表示“谁的”。",
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sections: [
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{
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heading: "Near and far, one and many",
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zh: "this/these 指近处,that/those 指远处;this/that 单数,these/those 复数。",
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body: "“This” (near, one) and “that” (far, one) point at singular things. “These” (near, many) and “those” (far, many) point at plural things. “Near” means close to the speaker.",
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structure: {
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cols: ["", "near", "far"],
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rows: [
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["one", "this", "that"],
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["many", "these", "those"],
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],
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},
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examples: ["This is my pen.", "That is a big tree.", "These are my shoes.", "Look at those birds."],
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},
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{
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heading: "Possessive adjectives",
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zh: "my/your/his/her/its/our/their 放在名词前表示“谁的”。",
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body: "Possessive adjectives come before a noun to show who something belongs to. Match them to the owner, not to the thing owned: “She loves her dog.” “He lost his keys.”",
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structure: {
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cols: ["owner", "possessive", "example"],
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rows: [
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["I", "my", "my bag"],
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["you", "your", "your name"],
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["he", "his", "his bike"],
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["she", "her", "her cat"],
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["we", "our", "our house"],
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["they", "their", "their school"],
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],
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},
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note: "Don’t confuse “its” (possession) with “it’s” (= it is). “The dog wagged its tail.”",
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},
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],
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practice: [
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{ q: "___ (far, one) is my uncle.", options: ["This", "That", "These"], answer: 1, explain: "远+单数 → That。" },
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{ q: "She did ___ homework.", options: ["his", "her", "its"], answer: 1, explain: "she → her。" },
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{ q: "___ (near, many) are delicious.", options: ["That", "This", "These"], answer: 2, explain: "近+复数 → These。" },
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],
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quiz: [
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{ q: "Tom forgot ___ book.", options: ["her", "his", "their"], answer: 1, explain: "Tom(he)→ his。" },
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{ q: "Look at ___ clouds up there!", options: ["this", "that", "those"], answer: 2, explain: "远+复数 → those。" },
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{ q: "We love ___ teacher.", options: ["our", "us", "we"], answer: 0, explain: "we → our。" },
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{ q: "___ is a good idea.", options: ["These", "That", "Those"], answer: 1, explain: "单数想法 → That/This;这里指对方说的(较远)用 That。" },
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{ q: "The cat cleaned ___ paws.", options: ["it’s", "its", "his"], answer: 1, explain: "表所属用 its(无撇号)。" },
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],
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},
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{
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type: "lesson",
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cefr: "A1",
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title: "Subject & object pronouns, word order",
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goal: "区分主格与宾格代词,掌握英语 S-V-O 语序。",
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sections: [
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{
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heading: "Subject and object pronouns",
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zh: "主格(I/he/she…)做主语,宾格(me/him/her…)做宾语。",
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body: "Pronouns change form depending on their job. The subject form starts the sentence and does the action. The object form receives the action or follows a preposition. A common mistake is “Me and Tom went” — the subject form is “Tom and I went”.",
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structure: {
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cols: ["subject", "object"],
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rows: [
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["I", "me"],
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["he", "him"],
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["she", "her"],
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["we", "us"],
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["they", "them"],
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],
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},
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examples: ["She calls me every day.", "I like them.", "Give it to us.", "He saw her at the park."],
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note: "After a preposition (to, for, with, at) always use the object form: “with me”, not “with I”.",
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},
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{
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heading: "English word order: S – V – O",
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zh: "英语基本语序是 主语-动词-宾语,时间和地点常放句尾。",
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body: "A normal English sentence follows the order Subject – Verb – Object. Place and time information usually go at the end, and place normally comes before time: “I read a book (O) in bed (place) every night (time).”",
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examples: ["She eats an apple.", "We play football after school.", "He sends me a message on Monday."],
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note: "Unlike some languages, English cannot freely move the verb. Keep S-V-O and you will be understood.",
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},
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],
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practice: [
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{ q: "Please help ___ (I).", options: ["I", "me", "my"], answer: 1, explain: "动词后用宾格 me。" },
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{ q: "___ (she) and I are cousins.", options: ["She", "Her", "Hers"], answer: 0, explain: "做主语用主格 She。" },
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{ q: "They invited ___ (we).", options: ["we", "our", "us"], answer: 2, explain: "动词后用宾格 us。" },
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],
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quiz: [
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{ q: "Tell ___ (he) the news.", options: ["he", "him", "his"], answer: 1, explain: "动词后宾格 him。" },
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{ q: "Come with ___ (we)!", options: ["we", "us", "our"], answer: 1, explain: "介词 with 后宾格 us。" },
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{ q: "___ (they) live near us.", options: ["They", "Them", "Their"], answer: 0, explain: "句首主语用 They。" },
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{ q: "Choose the correct order:", options: ["every day / reads / she / a paper", "She reads a paper every day.", "Reads she a paper every day.", "She every day reads a paper."], answer: 1, explain: "标准 S-V-O + 时间置尾。" },
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{ q: "My mother made ___ (we) a cake.", options: ["we", "us", "our"], answer: 1, explain: "间接宾语用宾格 us。" },
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],
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},
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{
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type: "weekly",
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cefr: "A1",
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title: "第 1 周测验",
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intro: "本周你学了 be 动词、一般现在时及其否定疑问、冠词与复数、指示词与物主、代词与语序。下面 10 题综合检测,≥80% 通过。",
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quiz: [
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{ q: "There ___ a cat on the sofa.", options: ["am", "is", "are"], answer: 1, explain: "a cat 单数 → is。" },
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{ q: "My brothers ___ football on Sundays.", options: ["play", "plays", "playing"], answer: 0, explain: "brothers 复数 → play。" },
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{ q: "She ___ not drink milk.", options: ["do", "does", "is"], answer: 1, explain: "she → does。" },
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{ q: "___ your father work here?", options: ["Do", "Does", "Is"], answer: 1, explain: "father 单数 → Does。" },
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{ q: "He wants ___ orange.", options: ["a", "an", "the"], answer: 1, explain: "orange 元音开头 → an。" },
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{ q: "I can see three ___ .", options: ["sheep", "sheeps", "sheepes"], answer: 0, explain: "sheep 单复同形。" },
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{ q: "___ bag is this? — It’s ___ .", options: ["Who / my", "Whose / mine", "Whose / her"], answer: 1, explain: "Whose 问归属;答语用名词性物主 mine。" },
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{ q: "Give the pen to ___ .", options: ["she", "her", "hers"], answer: 1, explain: "介词 to 后宾格 her。" },
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{ q: "Pick the sentence with correct order:", options: ["football / play / we / Saturday / on", "We play football on Saturday.", "On Saturday play we football.", "We football play on Saturday."], answer: 1, explain: "S-V-O + 时间置尾。" },
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{ q: "That ___ my grandparents.", options: ["is", "are", "am"], answer: 1, explain: "grandparents 复数 → are。" },
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],
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},
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];
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